Electric heater



C. A. XARDELL.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED APR, 13. 1220.

1 ,350,586. Patent ad Aug. 24; 1920.

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radiator sections communicate,

cnmnsaxmnmi; or UTICA, NEW YORK.

anncrmc HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 24, 19%.

Application filed April 18, 1920. Serial No. 873,590.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. XARDELL, a citizen of the United States, residin at Utica, in the county of Oneida and tate of New York, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Heaters, of which the following 1s a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to electric radiator heaters and has for its object to provide a heater of this class which is self-regulating and which will be economical in use, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

'In the accompanying-drawing Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the heater. Fig. 2 is an end view of the same with the lower part in vertical section, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 3-3, Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawing, 12 denotes a radiator body which may be of any desired size or which may consist of any desired number of sections, and at the base of said body is a liquid-tight receptacle 13 with the chamber of which the chambers of the said receptacle having a normall closed opening 14 through which it may filled or emptied, the whole structure being supported by legs 15. Within the receptacle 13 are the electrodes or heating elements 16 of any suitable resistance material, these heating elements "being in the form of plates embedded in an insulating material or compound 17 which is heat and moisture proof. The electrodes have exposed u per surfaces which may be flush with or s'ightly above the upper surface of the insulating material. This insulating compound may consist of porcelain, lava or mica, or other similar substance, which can readily be molded to fit the interior of the receptacle 13. and the upper face of this'insulating material will preferably slope slightly toward the center of the heater so as to readily return the condensed liquid to the electrodes. The electrodes 16 are provided with depending parts 18 extending downward through the lnsulating material 17'and with which parts 13 the electric conductors-19, extending to any suitable source of supply for electric current, are connected.

The receptacle 13 is provided at one end with a nozzle 20 the end of which is closed by a glass disk 21 held in place by a screw cap ,22 provided with a central opemng so that the level of the liquid in the receptacle may be readily seen.

When the heater is to be operated the screw cap 23, closing the o ening 14, will be removed, and a suitable quantity of water will be introduced into the receptacle 13, the depth 'of the water being readily observed through the glass disk 21. The receptacle 13 will be supplied with a greater or lesser quantity of water according to the amount of heat to generate. If, for example, a depth-of one quarter of an inch of water over the insulating compound 17 will, when evaporated to practical dryness, give a steam pressure of 10 pounds per square inch, it will be understood that a greater or lesser quantity of water introduced into the receptacle 13 will result in the generation of a greater or lesser steam pressure, and more or less heat, as may be desired.

When the electric current is turned on the resulting heat will serve to evaporate the water and produce a steam pressure in the radiator and this pressure and heat will con-.

tinue'until the water has been evaporated.

The electric communication between the electrodes 16, to close the circuit, is established by the liquid in the receptacle 13, and when the liquid is all evaporated the circuit is opened and the heating operation is interrupted. The liquid, through which the current passes, serves to some extent as a resistance or rheostat in generating heat. When the circuit is opened condensation will commence and the condensed steam in the form of liquid will be returned to the receptacle 13, thus again closing the circuit and the condensed liquid will then be immediately again evaporated, thus keeping the heat and steam pressure practically constant at any desired point which may be predetermined by the amount of water introduced into the rece tacle 13.

hen the heater is first started into operation and the room or apartment to be warmed is quite cold, condensation of the liquid in the radiator will proceed rapidly, and after the circuit has been broken by the evaporation of the liquid it will be quickly closed again andthe heating operation resumed. Thus the current will be flashed on again quickly, after the .circuit has been opened, when the temperature of the room or apartment to be heated is low, but as the temperature of t e oom or apartment rises which may be desirable electric current will occur less frequently.

andno current will be used except as may be required.

It will thus be seen that the invention provides an economical self-regulating electric heater capable of generating any desired degree of heat, which may be predetermined by the amount of water introduced into the liquid tight receptacle which communicates with the radiator elements of the heater.

Having thus described my invention I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. An electric heater comprising a radiator having a plurality of section's and having at its base a liquid-tight receptacle with which said'radiator sections communicate, said receptacle having a normally closed tilling opening, insulating material in said receptacle, electrodes embedded in said insulating material and having exposed upper surfaces, and suitable electric connections to said electrodes.

2. An electric heater comprising a radiator having a plurality of sections and having at its base a liquid-tight receptacle with screw cap.

3. An electric heater consisting of a radiator having a plurality of" sections, a liquid-tight receptacle at its base into which said radiator sections open, said receptacle being provided with heating electrodes the electric communication between which, to vary the heat to be generated, is governed by the amount of liquid in said receptacle, so that when the liquid is entirely evaporated the current is interrupted until the circuit is again closed by condensation.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

cnnnnns A. XA-RDELL. 

